HSC Board Exam 2026-27

Gujarat Board Class 12 Science Syllabus 2026-27

Complete GSEB Class 12 Physics, Chemistry, Biology/Mathematics Curriculum

6 Subjects • PCM & PCB Options • Updated for 2026-27
Detailed syllabus for Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics, English, and Gujarati as per GSEB guidelines for HSC Science stream.

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6 Subjects PCM & PCB Options 100 Marks Each HSC Board Syllabus

Physics Syllabus 2026-27

Gujarat Board Class 12 Physics syllabus covers advanced concepts including electrostatics, current electricity, magnetism, optics, and modern physics. It builds foundation for competitive exams like JEE and NEET.

Unit	Topics	Marks
Electrostatics	Electric Charges and Fields - Coulomb's Law Electric Field and Electric Dipole Electric Flux and Gauss's Law Applications of Gauss's Law Electric Potential and Potential Energy Capacitance and Capacitors Dielectrics and Polarization Energy Stored in Capacitor	8
Current Electricity	Ohm's Law and Electrical Resistance Resistivity and Conductivity Kirchhoff's Laws - Junction and Loop Wheatstone Bridge and Potentiometer Electrical Power and Energy Cells - EMF, Internal Resistance Series and Parallel Combinations	8
Magnetic Effects	Magnetic Force on Moving Charges Biot-Savart's Law - Applications Ampere's Circuital Law Magnetic Field of Solenoid and Toroid Force between Parallel Currents Torque on Current Loop Galvanometer and its Conversion	8
Electromagnetic Induction	Faraday's Laws - Experiments Lenz's Law and Conservation of Energy Motional EMF and Induced EMF Self and Mutual Induction Eddy Currents and its Applications AC Generator and Transformer	8
Alternating Current	AC Voltage and Current - RMS, Peak Values Resistors, Inductors, Capacitors in AC LCR Series Circuits - Impedance Resonance - Sharpness and Q-factor Power in AC Circuits AC Wattmeter and Energy Meter	6
Electromagnetic Waves	EM Waves - Production and Propagation Electromagnetic Spectrum - Types Properties of EM Waves Applications of EM Waves Radiation Pressure	4
Ray Optics	Reflection - Laws and Applications Spherical Mirrors - Mirror Formula Refraction - Laws and Applications Lens Formula and Lens Maker's Formula Prism - Dispersion and Deviation Optical Instruments - Microscope, Telescope	8
Wave Optics	Huygens' Principle - Wavefronts Interference - Young's Double Slit Diffraction - Single Slit and Diffraction Grating Polarization - Malus' Law Optical Instruments - Resolving Power	6
Modern Physics	Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter Photoelectric Effect - Einstein's Equation Atomic Structure - Bohr's Model X-rays - Production and Properties Nuclear Physics - Radioactivity Nuclear Fission and Fusion Semiconductors - Diodes and Transistors	8
Communication Systems	Elements of Communication System Modulation - Amplitude, Frequency, Phase Transmission and Reception Satellite Communication Optical Communication - Fibre Optics	4
Internal Assessment	Practical work, periodic tests, notebook submission, project work, experiments	20

Note: Physics syllabus includes both theory and practical components. Students must perform experiments and maintain a practical record book for HSC board exam internal assessment.

Chemistry Syllabus 2026-27

Gujarat Board Class 12 Chemistry syllabus covers physical, organic, and inorganic chemistry with advanced concepts. It builds strong foundation for competitive exams like JEE and NEET.

Unit	Topics	Marks
Solutions	Types of Solutions - Solid, Liquid, Gaseous Concentration - Molarity, Molality, Normality Colligative Properties - RLV, EBP, FDP, OP Van't Hoff Factor and its Applications Henry's Law - Solubility of Gases Raoult's Law - Ideal and Non-Ideal Solutions	8
Electrochemistry	Electrochemical Cells - Galvanic Cells Electrode Potential - Nernst Equation Conductance - Molar, Specific Conductance Electrolysis - Faraday's Laws Batteries - Primary and Secondary Corrosion and its Prevention	8
Chemical Kinetics	Rate of Chemical Reactions Rate Laws - Order and Molecularity Integrated Rate Equations Arrhenius Equation - Activation Energy Catalysis - Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Collision Theory and Transition State Theory	8
Surface Chemistry	Adsorption - Physical and Chemical Catalysis - Types and Applications Colloids - Preparation and Properties Emulsions - Types and Applications Surface Tension and Viscosity	4
p-Block Elements	Group 15, 16, 17, 18 Elements Oxoacids of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur Interhalogen Compounds Noble Gases - Properties and Uses Environmental Chemistry - Ozone, Greenhouse Gases	6
d-Block Elements	Transition Metals - Electronic Configuration Properties of d-Block Elements Magnetic Properties of Transition Metals Catalytic Properties Formation of Coloured Ions	6
Coordination Compounds	Werner's Theory - Coordination Chemistry Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds Isomerism - Structural and Stereoisomerism Bonding - VBT and CFT Applications of Coordination Compounds	8
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes	Nomenclature and Classification Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions - SN1, SN2 Elimination Reactions Reactions of Haloarenes Environmental Effects - CFCs	6
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers	Nomenclature and Classification Preparation Methods Reactions - Dehydration, Oxidation Reactions of Phenols - Electrophilic Substitution Ethers - Cleavage and Reactions	6
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids	Nomenclature and Classification Preparation Methods Reactions - Nucleophilic Addition Oxidation and Reduction Carboxylic Acids - Reactions and Derivatives	8
Biomolecules	Carbohydrates - Classification and Properties Proteins - Amino Acids and Structure Enzymes - Mechanism and Kinetics Nucleic Acids - DNA and RNA Lipids - Classification and Properties	6
Polymers	Classification of Polymers Addition and Condensation Polymers Biodegradable Polymers Applications of Polymers	4
Internal Assessment	Practical work, periodic tests, notebook submission, project work, experiments	20

Pro Tip: Focus on understanding reaction mechanisms and practicing numerical problems. Organic chemistry requires understanding of reaction mechanisms for HSC board exam.

Biology Syllabus 2026-27 (PCB Option)

Gujarat Board Class 12 Biology syllabus covers reproduction, genetics, ecology, biotechnology, and human physiology. It builds foundation for NEET preparation and medical careers.

Unit	Topics	Marks
Reproduction	Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants Human Reproduction - Male and Female Reproductive Health - Contraception, STDs Population Control - Family Planning Test-Tube Babies and IVF Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technologies	15
Genetics and Evolution	Mendelian Inheritance - Laws Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance Linkage and Crossing Over Mutations - Types and Effects Evolution - Darwinian Theory Modern Synthetic Theory Human Genome Project	15
Biology and Human Welfare	Human Health and Diseases - Immunity Cancer, AIDS, and Other Diseases Improvement in Food Production Animal Husbandry and Plant Breeding Microbes in Human Welfare Biofertilizers and Biopesticides	12
Biotechnology	Principles of Biotechnology - Genetic Engineering Recombinant DNA Technology Biotechnology and its Applications Transgenic Organisms Gene Therapy and Stem Cells Bioethics and Biosafety	12
Ecology and Environment	Ecosystem - Structure and Function Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling Biodiversity and Conservation Environmental Issues - Pollution, Climate Change Sustainable Development Environmental Laws and Policies	12
Internal Assessment	Practical work, periodic tests, notebook submission, project work, experiments	20

Pro Tip: Focus on understanding concepts and processes for HSC board exam. Draw diagrams regularly for better retention. Practice NEET-style questions for Biology sections.

Mathematics Syllabus 2026-27 (PCM Option)

Gujarat Board Class 12 Mathematics syllabus covers advanced mathematical concepts including calculus, algebra, vectors, and linear programming. It builds foundation for engineering and JEE preparation.

Unit	Topics	Marks
Relations and Functions	Types of Relations - Reflexive, Symmetric, Transitive Types of Functions - One-One, Onto, Bijective Composite and Inverse Functions Binary Operations - Properties Applications in Real Life	8
Algebra	Matrices - Types, Operations, Transpose Determinants - Properties and Applications Adjoint and Inverse of a Matrix System of Linear Equations Applications of Matrices	8
Calculus - Continuity and Differentiability	Continuity - Definition and Conditions Differentiability - Definition and Rules Derivatives of Standard Functions Chain Rule and Implicit Differentiation Second Derivatives	10
Applications of Derivatives	Rate of Change of Quantities Increasing and Decreasing Functions Maxima and Minima - Applications Tangents and Normals Approximations and Errors	10
Integral Calculus	Indefinite Integrals - Standard Formulas Methods of Integration - Substitution, Parts Definite Integrals - Properties Fundamental Theorem of Calculus Application of Integrals - Area, Volume	10
Differential Equations	Order and Degree of Differential Equations Formation of Differential Equations Solution of Differential Equations - Variable Separable Homogeneous Differential Equations Linear Differential Equations - Applications	8
Vectors and 3D Geometry	Vectors - Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication Scalar and Vector Products Equations of Lines and Planes Angle between Lines and Planes Distance between Lines and Points	8
Linear Programming	Linear Inequalities and Graphical Method Feasible Region and Optimal Solution LPP - Maxima and Minima Applications in Business and Industry Transportation and Assignment Problems	8
Probability	Conditional Probability - Bayes' Theorem Random Variables and Probability Distribution Mean and Variance of Random Variables Binomial Distribution - Applications Poisson Distribution - Applications	8
Internal Assessment	Periodic tests, notebook submission, subject enrichment activities, project work	20

Note: Regular practice is essential for Mathematics. Solve problems from each unit daily and focus on understanding concepts rather than rote memorization for HSC board exam.

Language Subjects Syllabus 2026-27

English

• Reading Comprehension - Advanced
• Prose and Poetry - Literature
• Grammar - Advanced Concepts
• Writing Skills - Business Communication
• Essay and Letter Writing
• Literary Analysis
• Creative Writing
• Communication Skills
• Technical Writing

Gujarati

• ગદ્ય અને પદ્ય - સાહિત્ય
• વ્યાકરણ - અદ્વિતીય
• રચના - નિબંધ, પત્રલેખન
• ગુજરાતી સાહિત્યનો ઇતિહાસ
• સાહિત્યિક વિવેચન
• ભાષણ કળા
• અનુવાદ કૌશલ્ય
• સાંસ્કૃતિક અભ્યાસ
• વૈજ્ઞાનિક લેખન

Note: Both English and Gujarati are compulsory language subjects for HSC board exam. Students can choose between Gujarati and English medium for other subjects.

Syllabus Download & Resources

Official Syllabus PDF

Download the complete Gujarat Board Class 12 Science syllabus PDF from the official GSEB website.

Visit GSEB Official Website

Recommended Textbooks

• GSEB Prescribed Textbooks for Class 12 Science
• NCERT Books for Competitive Exams
• Subject-wise Reference Books
• Practice Workbooks and Sample Papers
• JEE/NEET Foundation Books
• Previous Years' Board Papers