Board Exam Syllabus 2026-27

Punjab Board Class 12 Arts/Humanities Syllabus 2026-27

Complete PSEB Class 12 History, Geography & Political Science Board Exam Curriculum

5 Core Subjects • History, Geography, Political Science • Updated for 2026-27 Board Exams
Detailed syllabus for History, Geography, Political Science, English, and Punjabi as per PSEB board exam guidelines.

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5 Subjects 100 Marks Each Board Exam Focus Updated Syllabus

History Geography Political Science

History Syllabus 2026-27

Punjab Board Class 12 History syllabus covers modern world history and Indian history with focus on political, social, and economic developments. Students develop analytical and critical thinking skills for board exams and competitive exams like UPSC.

Unit	Topics	Marks
Modern World History	Age of Revolutions - American, French, Industrial Nationalism and Imperialism in the 19th century World War I - causes, events, consequences World War II - causes, events, consequences Cold War and its impact on world politics Decolonization and independence movements Rise of new powers - China, India, Japan Globalization and its impact on the world	20
Modern Indian History	British rule in India - expansion and consolidation British colonial policies - revenue, administration, army Revolt of 1857 - causes, events, consequences Indian National Movement - Congress and its phases Gandhian era - Non-Cooperation, Civil Disobedience, Quit India Subhas Chandra Bose and Indian National Army Independence and Partition of India India after independence - Nehruvian era	20
Indian National Movement - Detailed	Formation of Congress - moderate and extremist phases Swadeshi movement and its impact Home Rule movement - Annie Besant and Tilak Jallianwala Bagh massacre and its consequences Non-Cooperation movement - causes and impact Civil Disobedience movement - Dandi March Quit India movement - causes and impact Role of women in national movement Punjab's role in national movement	20
History of Punjab	Punjab under British rule - annexation and administration Social and religious reform movements in Punjab Punjab in Indian National Movement Partition of Punjab - causes and consequences Punjab after independence - development and challenges Green Revolution in Punjab - impact and consequences Punjab in post-independence India Contemporary issues in Punjab	15
Internal Assessment	Periodic tests and assignments Notebook submission and project work Map work and source analysis Research projects and presentations	10

Note: Map work and source analysis are important components of History for board exams. Students must practice map work for both Indian and world history. Regular reading of historical sources and interpretation is essential for board exams.

Geography Syllabus 2026-27

Punjab Board Class 12 Geography syllabus covers physical and human geography with focus on India and Punjab. Students develop spatial understanding and analytical skills for board exams and competitive exams.

Unit	Topics	Marks
Physical Geography - Advanced	Plate tectonics and continental drift Geomorphic processes - weathering, erosion, deposition Landforms - mountains, plateaus, plains, deserts River systems and drainage patterns Glacial, coastal, and aeolian landforms Climatic zones and their characteristics Oceanography - currents, tides, and waves Applications in resource management	15
India - Physical Geography	India's location and physiographic divisions Himalayas and Northern plains Peninsular plateau and coastal plains Indian drainage system - rivers and lakes Indian climate - monsoon mechanism Natural vegetation and forests Soil types and their distribution Mineral resources and their distribution	18
India - Human Geography	Indian agriculture - types, crops, green revolution Indian industries - types and distribution Indian population - distribution and demographic trends Urbanization and migration in India Transport and communication networks Trade and commerce in India Human development and quality of life Regional planning and development	18
Geography of Punjab	Location and physiography of Punjab River systems - Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab, Jhelum Climate and vegetation of Punjab Agriculture in Punjab - crops, irrigation, green revolution Industries in Punjab - types and distribution Population of Punjab - demographic trends Urbanization in Punjab - cities and towns Infrastructure and connectivity in Punjab Environmental challenges - water, pollution, soil degradation Economic development and challenges	18
Human Geography - Advanced	Population geography - growth, distribution, density Migration theories and patterns Human development index and its measurement Urban geography - city planning and development Rural geography - settlements and livelihoods Economic geography - sectors and development Sustainable development and resource management Applications in planning and development	12
Internal Assessment	Periodic tests and assignments Notebook submission and project work Map work and field studies Research projects and presentations	10

Note: Map work is an essential component of Geography for board exams. Students must practice map work for India and Punjab regularly. Field studies and practical work are also important for understanding geographical concepts.

Political Science Syllabus 2026-27

Punjab Board Class 12 Political Science syllabus covers advanced political theory, Indian constitution, and comparative politics. Students develop understanding of political systems and governance for board exams and competitive exams like UPSC.

Unit	Topics	Marks
Political Theory - Advanced	Western political thinkers - Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli Social contract theories - Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau Liberalism and its evolution Marxism and its applications Feminism and its contributions Post-modernism and contemporary political thought Applications in modern political systems	15
Indian Constitution - Detailed	Constitutional development in India Indian Constitution - making and sources Preamble and its philosophical foundations Fundamental Rights - detailed analysis Directive Principles of State Policy - implementation Fundamental Duties - importance and enforcement Amendment procedure and constitutional review Judicial review and constitutional interpretation	20
Political Institutions in India	President - powers and functions Prime Minister and Council of Ministers Parliament - structure, functions, and powers Supreme Court and High Courts - powers and functions Federal structure and state government Local self-government - Panchayati Raj Judicial review and independence of judiciary Electoral system and Election Commission	20
Comparative Politics & International Relations	Comparative politics - methods and approaches Political systems - USA, UK, China, India International relations - theories and practices UNO and its role in international politics Globalization and its impact on politics Human rights and its significance India's foreign policy - principles and challenges Contemporary international issues	15
Punjab Politics & Governance	Political history of Punjab - pre and post independence Punjab state government - structure and functioning Political parties in Punjab - history and contemporary Elections in Punjab - trends and patterns Governance and development in Punjab Challenges of governance in Punjab Panchayati Raj and local governance in Punjab Social movements and civil society in Punjab	12
Internal Assessment	Periodic tests and assignments Notebook submission and project work Debates and presentations Research projects and case studies	10

Note: Current affairs and political developments are important for Political Science for board exams. Students must read newspapers and stay updated with political events for better understanding of concepts.

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