Board Exam Syllabus 2026-27

Punjab Board Class 12 Science Syllabus 2026-27

Complete PSEB Class 12 Physics, Chemistry, Biology & Mathematics Board Exam Curriculum

6 Core Subjects • PCM & PCB Options • Updated for 2026-27 Board Exams
Detailed syllabus for Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics, English, and Punjabi as per PSEB board exam guidelines.

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6 Subjects PCM & PCB Options 100 Marks Each Board Exam Syllabus

Physics Chemistry Biology Mathematics

Physics Syllabus 2026-27

Punjab Board Class 12 Physics syllabus covers advanced topics in electrostatics, optics, modern physics, and semiconductors. Students develop strong analytical and problem-solving skills for board exams and competitive exams like JEE Main and NEET.

Unit	Topics	Marks
Electrostatics	Electric charges and fields - Coulomb's law, electric field lines Electric dipole and its properties Electric potential and potential energy Capacitance and capacitors - series and parallel Dielectrics and their applications Application of Gauss's law in electrostatics Equipotential surfaces and their significance Numerical problems on electric field and potential	12
Current Electricity	Electric current - drift velocity and mobility Ohm's law and its limitations Resistance and resistivity - temperature dependence Kirchhoff's laws and their applications Wheatstone bridge and meter bridge Potentiometer and its applications Electrical energy and power Numerical problems on current electricity	10
Magnetic Effects of Current	Magnetic field - Biot-Savart law and Ampere's circuital law Force on a moving charge - Lorentz force Force on a current-carrying conductor Torque on a current loop and magnetic dipole Galvanometer and its conversion to ammeter and voltmeter Earth's magnetic field and its components Magnetic properties of materials - dia, para, ferro Numerical problems on magnetic field and force	12
Electromagnetic Induction & AC	Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction Lenz's law and conservation of energy Motional emf and its applications Self and mutual induction AC circuits - series and parallel Power in AC circuits Transformers and their applications Numerical problems on electromagnetic induction	10
Optics	Ray optics - reflection, refraction, and total internal reflection Spherical mirrors and lenses - formulas and applications Prism and dispersion of light Wave optics - Huygens principle and interference Diffraction and polarization of light Optical instruments - microscope, telescope Numerical problems on optics	15
Modern Physics	Dual nature of matter and radiation - photoelectric effect Bohr's atomic model and its limitations X-rays - production and properties Nucleus - binding energy and radioactivity Nuclear reactions - fission and fusion Semiconductors - p-type and n-type PN junction diode and its applications Transistors and logic gates	12
Practical Work	Lab experiments - Ohm's law, potentiometer, meter bridge Viva voce and practical record Observation and analysis of experiments Graphical representation of experimental data	9

Note: Practical work of 30 marks includes laboratory experiments, viva voce, and practical record. Students must maintain a practical notebook with all experiments for board exams.

Chemistry Syllabus 2026-27

Punjab Board Class 12 Chemistry syllabus covers physical, organic, and inorganic chemistry with advanced topics. Students build a strong foundation for board exams and competitive exams like JEE Main and NEET.

Unit	Topics	Marks
Solid State & Solutions	Classification of solids - crystalline and amorphous Crystal lattice and unit cells Defects in crystals - Schottky and Frenkel defects Solutions - concentration terms and colligative properties Raoult's law and its applications Van't Hoff factor and its significance Numerical problems on colligative properties	10
Electrochemistry	Electrochemical cells - galvanic cells and electrolytic cells Nernst equation and its applications Standard electrode potentials and electrochemical series Electrolysis and Faraday's laws Batteries - primary and secondary cells Fuel cells and their applications Corrosion and its prevention	10
Chemical Kinetics	Rate of reactions and factors affecting rate Order and molecularity of reactions Integrated rate equations - zero, first, second order Half-life and its significance Arrhenius equation and activation energy Catalysis and its applications Numerical problems on chemical kinetics	8
d & f-block Elements	d-block elements - transition metals and their properties f-block elements - lanthanides and actinides Coordination compounds - nomenclature and isomerism Werner's theory and bonding in coordination compounds Crystal field theory and its applications Applications of coordination compounds in daily life	10
Organic Chemistry - Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones	Alcohols - preparation, properties, and reactions Phenols - preparation, properties, and reactions Ethers - preparation, properties, and reactions Aldehydes and ketones - preparation, properties, and reactions Carboxylic acids - preparation, properties, and reactions Named reactions - Cannizzaro, Aldol, Clemmensen Applications in daily life and industries	15
Organic Chemistry - Amines & Polymers	Amines - preparation, properties, and reactions Diazonium salts and their applications Polymers - classification and polymerization Natural and synthetic polymers - properties and uses Biodegradable polymers and their applications Chemistry in everyday life - drugs, dyes, soaps Applications in daily life and industries	12
Practical Work	Lab experiments - titration, qualitative analysis Viva voce and practical record Observation and analysis of experimental data Chemical identification and testing	10

Note: Practical work of 30 marks includes laboratory experiments, viva voce, and practical record. Students must maintain a practical notebook with all experiments for board exams.

Biology Syllabus 2026-27 (PCB Students)

Punjab Board Class 12 Biology syllabus covers genetics, evolution, human physiology, and ecology. Students build a strong foundation for medical and life sciences careers and NEET preparation.

Unit	Topics	Marks
Genetics & Evolution	Mendelian genetics - laws of inheritance Gene interaction and linkage Chromosomes and DNA replication Transcription and translation - central dogma Genetic code and its properties Mutations and their types Evolution - Darwinism, natural selection Speciation and adaptive radiation Human evolution and genetic disorders	25
Human Physiology	Digestive system - structure and function Respiratory system - structure and function Circulatory system - heart, blood, blood vessels Excretory system - kidney and urinary system Nervous system - neuron, brain, spinal cord Endocrine system - hormones and their functions Reproductive system - male and female Human health and diseases Homeostasis and its significance	30
Plant Physiology	Transport in plants - xylem and phloem Mineral nutrition - essential elements and their role Photosynthesis - light and dark reactions Factors affecting photosynthesis Respiration in plants - aerobic and anaerobic Plant growth and development Plant hormones - auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins Applications in agriculture and horticulture	20
Ecology & Environment	Ecosystem - structure and function Energy flow and food chains Biogeochemical cycles - carbon, nitrogen, water Population ecology and its characteristics Biodiversity and its conservation Environmental issues - pollution, climate change Sustainable development and its importance Conservation of natural resources	15
Practical Work	Lab experiments - dissection, microscope studies Viva voce and practical record Observation and analysis of experimental data Ecological studies and field work	10

Note: Practical work of 30 marks includes laboratory experiments, viva voce, and practical record. Students must maintain a practical notebook with all experiments for board exams and NEET preparation.

Mathematics Syllabus 2026-27 (PCM Students)

Punjab Board Class 12 Mathematics syllabus covers advanced calculus, algebra, trigonometry, and coordinate geometry. Students develop strong analytical and problem-solving skills for board exams and JEE Main preparation.

Unit	Topics	Marks
Calculus - Differentiation	Derivatives of standard functions Chain rule and implicit differentiation Parametric differentiation and its applications Logarithmic differentiation Second order derivatives Applications of derivatives - tangent, normal, rate of change Maxima and minima of functions Numerical problems on differentiation	15
Calculus - Integration	Integration as inverse of differentiation Methods of integration - substitution, by parts, partial fractions Definite integrals and their properties Application of integrals - area under curves Differential equations - formation and solution Applications in physics and engineering Numerical problems on integration	20
Algebra	Matrices - types, operations, and determinants Inverse of a matrix and its applications Solving linear equations using matrices Vectors - addition, subtraction, and scalar multiplication Dot product and cross product of vectors Applications in physics and geometry Numerical problems on matrices and vectors	15
Trigonometry	Inverse trigonometric functions and their properties Trigonometric equations and their solutions Applications in physics and engineering Numerical problems on trigonometry	10
Coordinate Geometry	Straight lines - equations and properties Conic sections - circle, parabola, ellipse, hyperbola Three-dimensional geometry - points, lines, planes Applications in physics and engineering Numerical problems on coordinate geometry	15
Probability & Statistics	Probability - conditional probability and Bayes' theorem Random variables and probability distributions Binomial and Poisson distributions Mean, variance, and standard deviation Applications in real life situations Numerical problems on probability and statistics	10

Note: Regular practice is essential for Mathematics. Solve problems from each unit daily and focus on understanding concepts rather than rote memorization. Practice previous years' board question papers thoroughly.

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